The top ten inventions and discoveries in the chemistry of the nineteenth century.

In the beginning of this century the work would appear “New system of Chemical Philosophy” in which the chemist and physicist English John Dalton expose their atomic theory. While the entire development of nineteenth-century chemistry is marked by the genial hypothesis that presided this theory. Atomistic ideas are born in the field of philosophical reflection of the Greeks. Reborn in the seventeenth century with Descartes' mechanistic hypothesis, crystallize in the nineteenth century in the field of chemistry to Dalton's postulates to explain the reactions between substances.

---

1. - Copier of paintings. 

In 1802 Thomas Wedgwood invented a procedure to copy paintings on glass by the action of light atop silver nitrate.

http://www.answers.com/topic/thomas-wedgwood-1771-1805

2. - Cement

In 1824, the British chemist Joseph Aspdin initiated a new era in building. 

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blconcrete.htm

3. - Latent image.

  In 1830, the British scientist William Henry Fox Talbot laid the foundation of modern photography and produced the most decisive revolution in the image domain. He was the first substance used as photosensitive silver iodide.

 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/index.html 

4. – Rubber.

In 1840, Charles Nelson Goodyear invented the method for transforming natural rubber in a permanent property rubbery material over a wide range of temperatures.

http://www.plastiquarian.com/index.php?id=40&osCsid=7affa86213c9474656e66b19ff04af9b 

5. - Synthetic dye.

In 1856, William H. Perkin made the first synthetic dye.

http://histoirechimie.free.fr/Lien/HOFMANN.htm 

6. - Dynamite.

In 1863, Alfred Nobel built a solid explosive comprising a mixture of nitroglycerin, clay and soda ash.

http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/biographical/articles/life-work/index.html 

 

7. – Soda.

In 1864, Belgian industrial chemist Ernest Solvay and his brother Alfred developed a method for manufacturing soda industry.

http://www.euchems.org/Distinguished/19thCentury/solvay.asp 

8. – Pulp of paper.

In 1866, Benjamin Chew Tilghman investigated the action of sulphurous acid in the softening and defibration wood to produce pulp "sulphites" suitable for making paper.

 http://www.pulpandpaper.org/html/history_of_papermaking.html

9. - Mass production of aluminum.

In 1886, The young Americans Charles Martin Hall, Paul Héroult and Julia Brainerd Hall invented the method of mass producing aluminum by electrolysis of the molten mixture of bauxite cryolite.

 http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/chemistry-in-history/themes/electrochemistry/heroult-hall-hall.aspx

10. – Aspirin.

In 1893, German chemist Felix Hoffmann achieved within two weeks a pure sample of aspirin.

http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/hoffman.html

Timeline